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What (who) is MAKS (spacecraft) - definition
![Lunar Module ''Eagle'']] was the first crewed spacecraft to land on the Moon (July 20, 1969).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aldrin Looks Back at Tranquility Base - GPN-2000-001102.jpg?width=200 "Lunar Module ''Eagle'']] was the first crewed spacecraft to land on the Moon (July 20, 1969).")
![CSM]] orbiting the Moon.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Apollo 17 Command Module AS17-145-22261HR.jpg?width=200 "CSM]] orbiting the Moon.")
![Crew Dragon ''Endeavour'']] docked with the [[International Space Station]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crew Dragon docks at the ISS.jpg?width=200 "Crew Dragon ''Endeavour'']] docked with the [[International Space Station]].")
![Space Shuttle ''Challenger'']] in orbit](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/STS007-32-1702.jpg?width=200 "Space Shuttle ''Challenger'']] in orbit")
![The first spacecraft docking was performed between [[Gemini 8]] and an uncrewed [[Agena Target Vehicle]] on March 16, 1966.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gemini 8 docking.jpg?width=200 "The first spacecraft docking was performed between [[Gemini 8]] and an uncrewed [[Agena Target Vehicle]] on March 16, 1966.")
![The Soft-Capture Mechanism (SCM) added in 2009 to the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]. The SCM allows both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft that utilize the [[NASA Docking System]] (NDS) to dock with Hubble.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hubble Space Telescope Final Mission.png?width=200 "The Soft-Capture Mechanism (SCM) added in 2009 to the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]. The SCM allows both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft that utilize the [[NASA Docking System]] (NDS) to dock with Hubble.")
![Soyuz spacecraft]] from the [[International Space Station]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ISS undocking - Timelapse 01 - 20180328 034651 547.gif?width=200 "Soyuz spacecraft]] from the [[International Space Station]]")
Wikipedia
The MAKS (Multipurpose aerospace system) (Russian: МАКС (Многоцелевая авиационно-космическая система)) is a Soviet air-launched orbiter reusable launch system project that was proposed in 1988, but cancelled in 1991. The MAKS orbiter was supposed to reduce the cost of transporting materials to Earth orbit by a factor of ten. The reusable orbiter and its external expendable fuel tank would have been launched by an Antonov AN-225 airplane, developed by Antonov ASTC (Kiev, Ukraine). Had it been built, the system would have weighed 275 metric tons (271 long tons; 303 short tons) and been capable of carrying a 7-metric-ton (6.9-long-ton; 7.7-short-ton) payload.
Three variants of the MAKS system were conceived: MAKS-OS, the standard configuration with the orbiter on top of the fuel tank; MAKS-T, with upgraded payload capability and a configuration that involved the fuel tank above the orbiter; and MAKS-M, a version that included its fuel tank within the envelope of the orbiter.
As of June of 2010, Russia was considering reviving the MAKS program. In Ukraine, this project has developed into other air-launched orbiter projects, such as Svityaz and Oril.
